Publications

2024

• Werner Axelsson, A., Nygren, T., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2024, in press). Bad News in the Classroom: How Serious Gameplay Fosters Teenagers' Ability to Discern Manipulation Techniques. Journal of Research on Technology in Education.
• Martel, C., Rathje, S., Clark, C. J., Pennycook, G., Van Bavel, J. J., Rand, D., & van der Linden, S. (2024). On the Efficacy of Accuracy Prompts Across Partisan Lines: An Adversarial Collaboration. Psychological Science, 35(4), 435-450.
• Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., Simons, J., Lewandowsky, S., Maturo, V., Goldberg, B., ... & van der Linden, S. (2024, in press). Psychological booster shots targeting memory increase long-term resistance against misinformation. Nature Communications.
• Leder, J., Schellinger, L., Maertens, R., Chryst, B., van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2023). Feedback Exercises Boost Discernment and Longevity for Gamified Misinformation Interventions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
• Lohmann, P. M., Gsottbauer, E., van der Linden, S., & Kontoleon, A. (2024). Chilling results: how explicit warm glow appeals fail to boost pro-environmental behaviour. Behavioural Public Policy, 1-26.
• van der Linden, S. (2024). Countering misinformation through psychological inoculation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.
• van der Linden, S. & Roozenbeek, J. (2024). "Inoculation" to Resist Misinformation. JAMA

2023

• Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K., Cook, J., van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., & Oreskes, N. (2023). Misinformation and the epistemic integrity of democracy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 101711.
• Neylan, J., Biddlestone, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2023). How to “inoculate” against multimodal misinformation: A conceptual replication of Roozenbeek and van der Linden (2020). Nature Scientific Reports, 13(1), 18273.
• Rathje, S., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Shifting online incentive structures to reduce polarization and the spread of misinformation. In C. Sunstein & L. Reisch (Eds), Research Handbook on Nudges and Society (pp. 91-108). Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Gundersen, A. B., van der Linden, S., Piksa, M., Morzy, M., Piasecki, J., Ryguła, R., ... & Kunst, J. R. (2023). The role of perceived minority-group status in the conspiracy beliefs of factual majority groups. Royal Society Open Science, 10(10), 221036.
• Kerr, J., van der Bles, A. M., Dryhurst, S., Schneider, C. R., Chopurian, V., Freeman, A. L., & van der Linden, S. (2023). The effects of communicating uncertainty around statistics, on public trust. Royal Society Open Science, 10(11), 230604.
• Kukowski, C. A., Hofmann, W., Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., Vandenbergh, M. P., & Nielsen, K. S. (2023). The perceived feasibility of behavior change is positively associated with support for domain-matched climate policies. One Earth, 6(11), 1554-1563.
• Cole, J. C., Gillis, A. J., van der Linden, S., Cohen, M. A., & Vandenbergh, M. P. (2023). Social Psychological Perspectives on Political Polarization: Insights and Implications for Climate Change. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17456916231186409.
• Schneider, C. R., & van der Linden, S. (2023). An Emotional Road to Sustainability: How Affective Science Can Support pro-Climate Action. Emotion Review.
• Harrop, I., Roozenbeek, J., Madsen, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Inoculation can reduce the perceived reliability of polarizing social media content. International Journal of Communication 17, 5291-5315.
• Maertens, R., Götz, F. M., Golino, H. F., Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C. R., Kyrychenko, Y., ... & van der Linden, S. (2023). The Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST): A psychometrically validated measure of news veracity discernment. Behavior Research Methods, 1-37.
• Schneider, C.R., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Social norms as a powerful lever for motivating pro-climate actions. One Earth 6(4), 346-351.
• Bergquist, M., Thiel, M., Goldberg, M., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Field interventions for climate change mitigation behaviors: A second-order meta-analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120(13), e2214851120.
• van der Linden, S., Swire-Thompson, B., & Roozenbeek, J. (2023). The truth is out there: The psychology of conspiracy theories and how to counter them. Applied Cognitive Psychology 37(2), 252-255.
• Rathje, S., Roozenbeek, J., Van Bavel, J., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Accuracy and social motivations shape judgments of (mis)information. Nature Human Behaviour.
• Saleh, N., Makki, F., van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2023). Inoculating against extremist persuasion techniques–Results from a randomised controlled trial in post-conflict areas in Iraq. Advances in Psychology, 1(1), 1-21.
• Harjani, T., Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Gamified inoculation against misinformation in India: A Randomized Control Trial. Journal of Trial and Error.
• Debnath, R., van der Linden, S., Alvarez, R. M., & Sovacool, B. K. (2023). Facilitating system-level behavioural climate action using computational social science. Nature Human Behaviour, 1-2.
• Götz, F. M., Maertens, R., Loomba, S., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Let the algorithm speak: How to use neural networks for automatic item generation in psychological scale development. Psychological Methods.
• Habib, G. L., Yousuf, H., Bredius, L., Bindraban, N. R., Winter, M. M., Scherder, E. J. A., .van der Linden, S., & Hofstra, L. (2023). The importance of cultural tailoring of communicators and media outlets in an influenza vaccination awareness campaign: a digital randomized trial. Nature Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1744.

2022

• Biddlestone, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Once (but not twice) upon a time: Narrative inoculation against conjunction errors indirectly reduces conspiracy beliefs and improves truth discernment. Applied Cognitive Psychology.
• Rathje, S., He, J.K, Roozenbeek. J., Van Bavel, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Social media behavior is associated with vaccine hesitancy. PNAS Nexus 1(4), pgac207.
• Goldberg, M., Gustafson A., van der Linden, S., Rosenthal, S., & Leiserowitz, A. (2022). Communicating the scientific consensus on climate change: diverse audiences, competing information, and effects over time. Environment and Behavior.
• Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., Goldberg, B., Rathje, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media. Science Advances 8(34). Doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6254
• Traberg, C., Harjani, T., Basol, M., Biddlestone, M., Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Inoculating against misinformation in the modern digital age. In T. Nguyen, T.D. Purnat, & S. Briand (Eds.), Managing infodemics in the 21st century - Addressing new challenges in the information eco system. Springer Nature.
• Pilditch, T., Roozenbeek, J., Madsen, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation can reduce susceptibility to misinformation in large rational agent networks. Royal Society Open Science 9, 211953.
• Schneider, C., Freeman, A., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2022). The effects of communicating scientific uncertainty on trust and decision-making in a public health context. Judgment and Decision-Making 17(4), 849-882.
• Lewandowsky, S., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Interventions based on social norms could benefit from considering adversarial information environments: Comment on Constantino et al (2022). Psychological Science in the Public Interest.
• Sabherwal, A., Shreedhar, G., &  van der Linden, S. (2022). Inoculating against threats to climate advocates’ image: intersectional environmentalism and the Indian farmers’ protest. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 100051.
• Biddlestone, M., Azevedo, F., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Climate of conspiracy: Meta-analysis of the consequences of belief in conspiracy theories about climate change. Current Opinion in Psychology 46, 101390.
• Harrop, I., Roozenbeek, J., Madsen, J.K., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Inoculation can reduce the perceived reliability of polarizing social media content. International Journal of Communication 16, 1-22.
• Roozenbeek, J., Traberg, C.S., van der Linden, S. (2022). Technique-based inoculation against real-world misinformation. Royal Society Open Science 9, 211719.
• Roozenbeek, J., Maertens, R., Herzog, S. M., Geers, M., Kurvers, R., Sultan, M., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Susceptibility to misinformation is consistent across question framings and response modes and better explained by myside bias and partisanship than analytical thinking. Judgment and Decision Making 17(3).
• Traberg, C.S., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation against misinformation: Current evidence and future directions. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 700(1), 136-151.
• van der Linden, S. (2022). Misinformation: Susceptibility, Spread, and Interventions to Immunize the Public. Nature Medicine 28, 460-467.
• de Keersmaecker, J., Schmid, K., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Emissions cuts take political and social innovation too. Nature 602, 33.
• van der Linden, S. & Lewandowsky, S. (2022). Boosting Scientific Consensus is Likely to Correct False Beliefs Across Domains: Regarding Zarzeczna et al. (2021) on van Stekelenburg et al. (2021). Psychological Science.
• Rathje, S., Roozenbeek, J., Steenbuch Traberg, C., Van Bavel, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Meta-analysis reveals that accuracy nudges have little to no effect for US conservatives: Regarding Pennycook et al. (2020). Psychological Science.
• Vivion, M., Anassour Laouan Sidi, E., Betsch, C., Dionne, M., Dubé, E., Driedger, S. M., van der Linden, S ... & Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN). (2022). Prebunking messaging to inoculate against COVID-19 vaccine misinformation: An effective strategy for public health. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 1-11.
• Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). How to combat health misinformation: A psychological approach. American Journal of Health Promotion 36(3), 11-17.

2021

• Yousuf, H., van der Linden, S., van Essen, T., Gommers, D., Scherder, E., Narula, J., & Hofstra, L. (2021). Dutch perspectives toward governmental trust, vaccination, myths, and knowledge about vaccines and COVID-19. JAMA Network Open, 4(12):e2140529.
• Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Inoculation theory and misinformation. NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence. ISBN: 978-9934-564-49-9.
• Kacha, O., & van der Linden, S. (2021). The moderating role of moral norms and personal cost in compliance with pro-environmental social norms. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology 2, 100020.
• van der Linden, S., & Weber, E.U. (2021). Can behavioral science solve the climate crisis? Current Opinion in Behavioural Sciences.
• Steenbuch Traberg, C., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Birds of a feather are persuaded together: Perceived source credibility mediates the effect of political bias on misinformation susceptibility. Personality and Individual Differences 185, 111269.
• Schneider, C.R., Freeman, A., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2021). The effects of quality of evidence communication on perceptions of public health information about COVID-19: two randomised controlled trials. PloS One 0259048.
• Fasce, A., Adrian-Ventura, J., Lewandowsky, S., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Science through a tribal lens: A group-based account of polarization over scientific facts. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations.
• Uenal, F., Sidanius, J., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Climate change threats increase modern racism as a function of social dominance orientation and i
• ngroup identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 97, 104228.
• Dan, V., Paris, B., Donovan, J., Hameleers, M., Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., & von Sikorski, C. (2021). Visual mis-and disinformation, social media, and democracy. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly.
• Kerr, J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Communicating expert consensus increases personal support for COVID-19 mitigation policies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
• Kerr, J., Schneider, C., Recchia, G., Dryhurst, S., Sahlin, U., Dufouil, C., Arwidson, P., Freeman, A., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Correlates of intended COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across time and countries: results from a series of cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open, e048025.
• Rathje, S., Van Bavel, J.J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Outgroup animosity drives engagement on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
• Fong, A., Roozenbeek, J., Goldwert, D., Rathje, S., & van der Linden, S. (2021). The language of conspiracy: A psychological analysis of speech used by conspiracy theorists and their followers on Twitter. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 24(4), 606-623.
• Roozenbeek, J., Freeman, A.F., and van der Linden, S. (2021). How accurate are accuracy nudges? A direct pre-registered replication of Pennycook et al. (2021). Psychological Science.
• Uenal, F., Sidanius, J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Social and ecological dominance orientations: two sides of the same coin? Social and ecological dominance orientations predict decreased support for climate change mitigation policies. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations.
• Weinschenk, A., Panagopoulos, C., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Democratic Norms, Social Projection, and False Consensus in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election. Political Marketing.
• Rutjens, B., van der Linden, S., van der Lee, R., Zarzeczna, N. (2021). A group processes approach to antiscience beliefs and endorsement of alternative facts. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 24(4), 513-517.
• Compton, J., van der Linden, S., Cook, J., & Basol, M. (2021). Inoculation theory in the post-truth era: Extant findings and new frontiers for contested science, misinformation, and conspiracy theories. Social and Personality Psychology Compass.
• Nielsen, K., Marteau, T., Bauer, J.M., Bradbury, R.B., Broad, S., Burgess, G., Burgman, M., Byerly, H., Clayton, S., Espelosin, D., Ferraro, P.J., Fisher, B., Garnett, E.A., Jones, J.P.G., Otieno, M., Polasky, S., Ricketts, T.H., Trevelyan, R., van der Linden, S., Verissimo, D., & Balmford, A. (2021). Biodiversity conservation as a promising frontier for behavioural science. Nature Human Behaviour. [alphabetical].
• Yousuf, H., van der Linden, S., Bredius, L., van Essen, G.A., Sweep, G., Preminger, Z., van Gorp, E., Scherder, E., Narula, J., & Hofstra, L. (2021). A media intervention applying debunking versus non-debunking content to combat vaccine misinformation in elderly in the Netherlands: A digital randomised trial. The Lancet EClinicalMedicine.
• Kerr, J., Freeman, A., Marteau, T., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Effect of Information about COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Side Effects on Behavioural Intentions: Two Online Experiments. Vaccines 9 (4), 379.
• Kerr, J., Panagopoulos, C., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Political polarization on COVID-19 pandemic response in the United States. Personality and Individual Differences.
• Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., Berriche, M., Uenal, F., McClanahan, W.P., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Towards psychological herd immunity: Cross-cultural evidence for two prebunking interventions against COVID-19 misinformation. Big Data & Society.
• van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., Maertens, R., Basol, M., Kacha, O., Rathje, S., Steenbuch Traberg, C. (2021). How can psychological science help counter the spread of fake news? Spanish Journal of Psychology.
• Schneider, C.R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A.J., Recchia, G., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2021). COVID-19 risk perception: a longitudinal analysis of its predictors and associations with health protective behaviours in the United Kingdom. Journal of Risk Research.
• Rutjens, B.T., van der Linden, S., & van der Lee, R. (2021). Science skepticism in times of COVID-19. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 24(2), 276-283.
• Maertens, R., & van der Linden, S. (2021). A Psychological Vaccine Against Fake News. Microbiologist, 22(1), 14-17.
• Lewandowsky, S., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Countering misinformation and fake news through inoculation and prebunking. European Review of Social Psychology.
• van der Linden, S., Dixon, G., Clarke, C., & Cook, J. (2021). Inoculating against COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. The Lancet EClinicalMedicine 33, 100772.
• Saleh, N., Roozenbeek, J., Makki, F., McClanahan, W.P., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Active inoculation boosts attitudinal resistance against extremist persuasion techniques - A novel approach towards the prevention of violent extremism. Behavioural Public Policy.
• Sabherwal, A., Ballew, M., van der Linden, S., Gustafson, A.., Goldberg, M., Maibach, E., Kotcher, J., Swim, J., Rosenthal, S., & Leiserowitz, A. (2021). The Greta Effect: Familiarity with Greta Thunberg Predicts Intentions to Engage in Climate Activism in the United States. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
• van der Linden, S. (2021). The Gateway Belief Model (GBM): A Review and Research Agenda for Communicating the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change. Current Opinion in Psychology 42, 7-12.
• van der Linden, S. (2021). Some recommendations for doing high impact research in social psychological science. Asian Journal of Social Psychology.

2020

• van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., & Compton, J. (2020). Inoculating against fake news about COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2928.
• Vraga, E., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Responding to climate science denial. In D.C. Holmes & L.M. Richardson (Eds.), Research Handbook on Communicating Climate Change. Edward Elgar: UK (pp. 79-91).
• van Eck, C., Mulder, B., & van der Linden, S. (2020, in press). Echo Chamber Effects in the Climate Change Blogosphere. Environmental Communication.
• Blastland, M., Freeman, A.L.J., van der Linden, S., Marteau, T.M., & Spiegelhalter, D. (2020). Five rules for evidence communication. Nature (587), 362-364.
• Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Breaking Harmony Square: A game that "inoculates" against political misinformation. The Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review 1(8).
• McClanahan, W.P., & van der Linden, S. (2020). An uncalculated risk: ego-depletion reduces the influence of perceived risk but not state affect on criminal choice. Psychology, Crime, & Law.
• Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A.M., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world. Royal Society Open Science 7(10), 201199.
• van Eck, C., Mulder, B., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Climate change risk perceptions of audiences in the climate change blogosphere. Sustainability, 12(19), 7990.
• Goldberg, M., Gustafson, A., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Leveraging social science to generate lasting engagement with climate change. One Earth (Cell Press) 3, 314-324.
• van der Linden, S., Pearson, A., & Van Boven, L. (2020, in press). Behavoural climate policy. Behavioural Public Policy.
• Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., Basol, M., & van der Linden, S. (2020, in press). Long-term effectiveness of inoculation against misinformation: Three longitudinal experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied.
• Nielsen, K., van der Linden, S., & Stern, P.C. (2020). How behavioural interventions can reduce the climate impact of energy use. Joule (Cell) 4, 1-4.
• van der Linden, S., & Goldberg, M. (2020). Alternative meta-analysis of behavioural interventions to promote action on climate change yields different conclusions. Nature Communications 11, 3915.
• Maertens, R., Anseel, F., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Comatting climate change misinformation: Evidence for longevity of inoculation and consensus messaging effects. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 70, 101455.
• Roozenbeek, J., Maertens, R., McClanahan, W.P., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Differentiating item and testing effects in inoculation research on online misinformation: Solomon revisited. Educational and Psychological Measurement 81(2), 340-362.
• van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2020). Psychological inoculation against fake news. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E.J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 147-169). London, UK: Psychology Press.
• Shrum, T., Markowitz, E., Buck, H., Gregory, R., van der Linden, S., Shazheen, A., & Van Boven, L. (2020). Behavioral frameworks to understand public perceptions of and risk response to carbon dioxide removal. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10, 20200002.
• van der Linden, S., Panagopoulos, C., Azevedo, F., & Jost, J.T. (2020). The paranoid style in American politics revisited: Evidence of an ideological asymmetry in conspiratorial thinking. Political Psychology.
• Jia, L., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Green but not altruistic warm-glow predicts conservation behavior. Conservation Science and Practice 2, e211.
• Dryhurst, S., Schneider, C., Kerr, J., Freeman, A., Rechia, G., van der Bles, A.M., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world. Journal of Risk Research.
• Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N. Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Napper, L. E., Packer, D. J., Pennycook, G., Peters, E., Petty, R. E., Rand, D. G., Reicher, S. D., Schnall, S., Shariff, A., Skitka, L. J., Smith, S. S., Sunstein, C. R., Tabri, N., Tucker, J. A., van der Linden, S., Van Lange, P. A. M., Weeden, K. A., Wohl, M. J. A., Zaki, J., Zion, S. & Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 460-471. 
• Ruggeri, K., Alí, S., Berge, M.L., Bertoldo, G., Bjørndal, L., Cortijos-Bernabeu, A.,….......van der Linden, S., & Folke, T. (2020). Replicating patterns of Prospect Theory for decision under risk. Nature Human Behaviour 4, 622-633.
• van der Bles, A.M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A., & Spiegelhalter, D. (2020). The effects of communicating uncertainty on public trust in facts and numbers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (14), 7672-7683.
• Goldberg, M., Marlon, J., Wang, X., van der Linden, S., & Leiserowitz, A. (2020). Oil and gas companies invest in legislators that vote against the environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (10), 5111-5112.
• Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., & Nygren, T. (2020). Prebunking interventions based on inoculation theory can reduce susceptibility to misinformation across cultures. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review 1(2).
• Goldberg, M., & van der Linden, S. (2020). The importance of heterogeneity in large-scale replications. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 8(1), 25-29.
• van der Linden, S., Panagopoulos, C., & Roozenbeek, J. (2020). You Are Fake News: Political Bias in Perceptions of Fake News. Media, Culture, & Society 42(3), 460-470.
• Reynolds, J.P., Stautz, K., Piling, M., van der Linden, S., & Marteau, T. (2020). Communicating the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of government policies and their impact on public support: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Royal Society Open Science 7, 190522.
• Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Good news about Bad News: Gamified inoculation boosts confidence and cognitive immunity against fake news. Journal of Cognition 3(1), 1-9.
• Naz Çoker, E., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Fleshing out the Theory of Planned Behavior: Meat consumption as an Environmentally Significant Behavior. Current Psychology.

2019

• Jia, L., Evans, S., & van der Linden, S. (2019). Motivating actions to mitigate plastic pollution. Nature Communications 10, 4582.
• Goldberg, M., van der Linden, S., Ballew, M., Rosenthal, S., Gustafson, A., & Leiserowitz, A. (2019). The experience of consensus: Video as an effective medium to communicate scientific agreement on climate change. Science Communication 41(5), 659-673.
• McClanahan, W.P., van der Linden, S., & Ruggeri, K. (2019). Decision-making style mediates the relationship between trait self-control and self-reported criminal behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences 151, 1, 109537.
• Goldberg, M., van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., & Leiserowitz, A. (2019). Discussing global warming leads to greater acceptance of climate science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(30), 14804-14805.
• Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2019). Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Nature Palgrave Communications 5, 65, 10.1057/s41599-019-0279-9.
• van der Linden, S., & Lofstedt, R. (2019). Risk and Uncertainty in a Post-Truth Society. London: Routledge (Earthscan).
• van der Linden, S. (2019). Countering science denial. Nature Human Behaviour 3, 389-390.
• van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., & Leiserowitz, A. (2019). Exposure to scientific consensus does not cause psychological reactance. Environmental Communication.
• Rosenthal, S., Hooley, J., Montoya, M., van der Linden, S., & Steshenko, Y. (2019). The Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale: A measure to distinguish narcissistic grandiosity from high self-esteem. Assessment 27 (3), 487-507. Click here for NGS Scale.
• van der Bles, A.M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A., Mitchell, J., Galvao, A., Zaval, L., & Spiegelhalter, D. (2019). Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers, and science. Royal Society Open Science 6, 181870.
• Goldberg, M., van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., & Maibach, E. (2019). Perceived social consensus can reduce ideological biases on climate change. Environment and Behavior.
• van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., & Maibach, E. (2019). The Gateway Belief Model: A Large-Scale Replication. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 62, 49-58.
• Goldberg, M., van der Linden, S., Ballew, M., Rosenthal, S., & Leiserowitz, A. (2019). The role of anchoring in judgments about expert consensus. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 49(3), 192-200.

2018

• van der Linden, S., & Panagopoulos, C. (2018). The O'Reilly Factor: An ideological bias in judgments about sexual harassment. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 198-201.
• van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., & Maibach, E. (2018). Perceptions of scientific consensus predict later beliefs about the reality of climate change using cross-lagged panel analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 60, 110-111.
• van der Linden, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2018). How to combat distrust of science. In Return to Reason: The Science of Thought. New York, NY: Scientific American (Springer Nature). ISBN: 978-1-948933-03-2.
• van der Linden, S. (2018). The future of behavioral insights: On the importance of socially situated nudges. Behavioural Public Policy 2 (2), 207-217.
• Brick, C., & van der Linden. S. (2018). Yawning at the Apocalypse. The Psychologist 31, 30-35. (pdf here). Reprinted as "Psychologists and the largest social dilemma in history" in the European Bulletin of Social Psychology 30, 2.
• Chryst, B., Marlon, J., van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., & Roser-Renouf, C. (2018). Global Warming’s “Six Americas Short Survey”: Audience Segmentation of Climate Change Views Using a Four Question Instrument. Environmental Communication, 12(8), 1109-1122.
• Ruggeri, K., Immonen, J., Benzerga, A., Kacha, O., Kunz, M., & van der Linden, S. (2018). Energy and environment. In K. Ruggeri (Ed.), Behavioral Insights for Public Policy: Concepts and Cases (pp. 114-130). Routledge: Taylor and Francis.
• Lewandowsky, S., van der Linden, S., & Cook, J. (2018). Can we inoculate against fake news? CREST Security Review 8, p. 10 and ESRC Society Now 33, p.16.
• Zhang, B., van der Linden, S., Mildenberger, M., Marlon, J., Howe, P., & Leiserowitz, A. (2018). Experimental effects of climate messages vary geographically. Nature Climate Change 8, 370-374.
• Cook, J., van der Linden, S., Lewandowsky, S., & Maibach, E. (2018). The Consensus Handbook. doi:10.13021/G8MM6P
• Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2018). The Fake News Game: Actively Inoculating Against Misinformation. Journal of Risk Research, 22(5), 570-580.
• Weinschenk, A., Panagopoulos, C., Drabot, K., & van der Linden, S. (2018). Gender and social conformity: Do men and women respond differently to social pressure to vote? Social Influence 13(2), 53-64.
• Marlon, J., van der Linden, S., Howe, P., Leiserowitz, A., Woo, L., & Broad, K. (2018). Detecting local environmental change: The role of experience in shaping risk judgments about global warming. Journal of Risk Research.
• van der Linden, S. (2018). Warm glow is associated with low but not high-cost sustainable behaviour. Nature Sustainability 1, 28-30.
• Jost, J.T., van der Linden, S., Panagopoulos, C., & Hardin, C. (2018). Ideological asymmetries in conformity, desire for shared reality, and the spread of misinformation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 23, 77-83.

2017

• van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., Cook, J., Leiserowitz, A., & Lewandowsky, S. (2017). Inoculating against misinformation. Science 358(6367), 1141-1142.
• van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., & Maibach, E. (2017). Scientific agreement can neutralize the politicization of facts. Nature Human Behaviour 2, 2-3. 
• van der Linden, S. (2017). Beating the hell out of fake news. Ethical Record: The Proceedings of the Conway Hall Ethical Society 122(6), 4-7.
• van der Linden, S., & Chryst, B. (2017). No Need for Bayes Factors: A Fully Bayesian Evidence Synthesis. Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics 3:12. 
• Rugerri, K., Yoon, H., Ondrej, K., van der Linden, S., & Muennig, P. (in press). Policy and population behavior in the age of Big Data. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 18, 1-6.
• van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., Cook, J., Leiserowitz, A., Ranney, M., Lewandowsky, S., Arvai, J., & Weber, E.U. (in press). Culture vs. Cognition is a False Dilemma. Nature Climate Change 7, 457.
• Pearson, A., & van der Linden, S. (2017). When does deprivation motivate future-oriented thinking? The case of climate change. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40, e336.
• van der Linden, S. (2017). The nature of viral altruism and how to make it stick. Nature Human Behaviour 1, 0041.
• van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., Rosenthal, S., & Maibach, E. (2017). Inoculating the Public Against Misinformation about Climate Change. Global Challenges 1(2), 1600008.
• van der Linden, S. (2017). The role of climate in human aggression and violence: Towards a broader conception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40, 37-38.
• van der Linden, S. (2017). Determinants and Measurement of Climate Change Risk Perception, Worry, and Concern. In M. Nisbet (Ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Climate Change Communication (Vol. 2, pp. 369-401). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

2016

• Panagopoulos, C., & van der Linden, S. (2016). Conformity to implicit social pressure: The role of political identity. Social Influence, 11(3), 177-184.
• Santos, J., & van der Linden, S. (2016). Changing norms by changing behavior: The Princeton Drink Local program. Environmental Practice, 18(2), 116-122.
• Panagopoulos, C., & van der Linden, S. (2016). The feeling of being watched: Do eye cues elicit negative affect? North American Journal of Psychology, 19(1), 113-121.
• Maibach, E., & van der Linden, S. (2016). The importance of assessing and communicating scientific consensus. Environmental Research Letters, 11(9), 084011.
• van der Linden, S., & Rosenthal, S.A. (2016). Measuring narcissism with a single question? A replication and extension of the single-item narcissism scale (SINS). Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 238-241.
• van der Linden, S. (2016).Why doctors should convey the medical consensus on vaccine safety. Evidence-Based Medicine 21(3), 119-119.

2015

• van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., & Leiserowitz, A. (2015). Improving public engagement with climate change: Five “best practice” insights from psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 758-763.
• ​van der Linden, S. (2015). Intrinsic motivation and pro-environmental behaviour. Nature Climate Change, 5(7), 612-613.
• ​van der Linden, S. (2015). The conspiracy-effect: Exposure to conspiracy theories (about global warming) decreases pro-social behavior and science acceptance. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 171-173.
• ​van der Linden, S., Clarke, C., & Maibach, E. (2015). Highlighting consensus among medical scientists increases public support for vaccines: Evidence from a randomized experiment. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1207.
• ​van der Linden, S. (2015). Green prison programmes, recidivism, and mental health: A primer. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 25(5), 338-342.
• ​van der Linden, S. (2015). A conceptual critique of the cultural cognition thesis. Science Communication, 38(1), 128-138.
• ​van der Linden, S. L., Leiserowitz, A. A., Feinberg, G. D., & Maibach, E. W. (2015).The scientific consensus on climate change as a gateway belief: Experimental evidence. PloS ONE, 10(2), e0118489. Top 10% most cited.
• ​van der Linden, S. (2015). The social-psychological determinants of climate change risk perceptions: Towards a comprehensive model. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 41, 112-124.
• van der Linden, S., & Chryst, B. (2015). Why the "new statistics" isn't new.The Psychologist, 28(8), 610.
• van der Linden, S. (2014). On the relationship between personal experience, affect and risk perception: The case of climate change. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(5), 430-440.

2011-2014

•  van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., Feinberg, G., & Maibach, E. (2014). How to communicate the scientific consensus on climate change: Plain facts, pie charts or metaphors? Climatic Change, 126(1-2), 255-262.
• ​van der Linden, S. (2013). What a hoax: Why people believe in conspiracy theories. Scientific American Mind, 24(4), 41-43.
• van der Linden, S. (2013). Exploring beliefs about bottled water and intentions to reduce consumption: The dual-effect of social norm activation and persuasive information. Environment and Behavior, 47(5), 526-550.
• ​van der Linden, S. (2013). A response to paul dolan. In A. Oliver (Ed). Behavioural Public Policy (pp. 209-215). Cambridge University Press: UK.
• Helgeson, J., van der Linden, S., & Chabay, I. (2012). The role of knowledge, learning and mental models in public perceptions of climate change related risks. In A. Wals & P.B. Corcoran (Eds.) Learning for sustainability in times of accelerating change. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, NL.
• van der Linden, S. (2011). Charitable intent: A moral or social construct? A revised theory of planned behavior model. Current Psychology, 30(4), 355-374.